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FERHRI proceedings "Hydrometeorological and ecological conditions in the Far Eastern Seas: marine environmental impact assessment".
Publisher: "Dalnauka", DVO RAN Chief editor: Dr. Kochergin I.E. The proceedings can be ordered at: 690600, 24, Fontannaya st., Vladivostok, Russia Kochergin I.E., Department of Engineering Oceanology and Ecological Design (DEO) or by e-mail: deo@ferhri.ru Phone: +7 (4232) 26-73-52 |
Abstracts of the proceedings are given below:
UDC 551.5+551.465.7+574.5+504.05
Hydrometeorological and ecological conditions in the Far Eastern Seas: marine environmental impact assessment
// FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. -255 pp.
This special issue is a collection of the papers presenting scientific and applied results on the investigated hydrological and ecological processes in the Far Eastern seas and marine environmental impact assessment. Most of them deal with practical aspects of engineering- ecology and hydrometeorology for the projects of Sakhalin shelf oil and gas development.
Meteorological papers investigate multi-year variability characteristics of the atmospheric action centers, abrupt pressure variations over the Far Eastern region, wind regime over the Tatar Strait, and the response of the Japan Sea thermal characteristics to El Nino phenomenon. Marine hydrology papers analyze seasonal variations of temperature and salinity of the active level of the Japan Sea, seasonal variations of water circulation in the sea over Sakhalin shelf, the results of instrumental currents observation, ice drift information radar-collected over the northeastern Sakhalin shelf, and the Tatar Strait zoning over its ice cover formation characteristics. Marine ecology is described in the papers discussing the results of 1998 ecological monitoring of the Piltun-Astokh oil field, quantitative characteristics and species composition of zooplankton in the sea over the northeastern Sakhalin shelf, and analysis of near-bottom macrofauna in Nakhodka Bay. Environmental impact assessment section contains the papers describing methodological approach to the assessment of the impact produced by oil and gas production facility on marine environment, contemporary tendencies in the North East Sakhalin coast development, physical-chemical and toxicological characteristics of drilling mud, and generalized results of different approaches to oil spill modelling.
This issue is logical continuation of the first special issue of FERHRI published in 1998. The materials it presents might be of interest for the specialists in regional meteorology, marine hydrology, and those involved into meteorological and ecological support servicing of Sakhalin shelf development projects.
UDC 551.513.3:551.583.13
Multi-year variability of pressure, latitude, and longitude anomalies of atmospheric action centers in Asian-Pacific region
/ Smolyankina T. V. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 10-16.
1947-1994 multi-year variability of mean yearly pressure, latitude, and longitude anomalies of atmospheric action centers (ACC) in Asian Pacific region (North Pacific high, Aleutian low, Asian high, and Asian low) are investigated. Temporal intensity and geographic position evolution of the enumerated AAC's is shown to have the periods characterized by relatively stable tendencies being well distinguished on a background of considerable inter-year variability. AAC status index is proposed as the complex index accounting AAC's intensity and position. This index describes the anomaly of climatic centers and thus can be used for climate monitoring and long-term forecast purposes, as well as for hydrometeorological servicing of the economy.
Figures - 3, references - 16.
UDC 551.543(571.6)
Atmospheric pressure and its abrupt variations over the southern Far Eastern region
/ Tunegolovets V. P., Dashko N. A., Varlamov S. M. FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 17-41.
Atmospheric pressure and different intervals (from three hours to multi-year periods) of its variations observed over the southern Far Eastern areas are considered. Notable negative trend is revealed for winter centennial records of pressure, with climatic pressure waves of 20 years periodicity being distinguished on its background. Maximal inter-year pressure variations make up +5-9 hPa in summer, and + 7-13 hPa in winter. Small-scale short-period abrupt and rather abrupt variations of pressure, +10 hPa and higher during 3-6 hours, and +20 hPa and higher during 3-24 hours, are discussed. Absolute maximum of 6-hour pressure variations reaches 35 hPa during 3-6 hours and maximum of 3-hour pressure variation reaches 60 hPa. The highest recurrence of abrupt pressure variations is observed in spring, the lowest in summer. Abrupt pressure changing sometimes can be simultaneously registered by several stations and may occur over the considerable part of the area under study. Occurrence regularity of abrupt and rather abrupt pressure variations from west to east is revealed. Most of the cases observed are confined to the central Kurils. Abrupt and rather abrupt pressure changes are related to active frontal interfaces, deep southern cyclones and typhoons.
Tables - 11, figures - 15, references - 10.
UDC 551.553.2+551.553.3(265.54)
Wind regime over the Tatar Strait area
/ Dashko N. A., Varlamov S. M., Ivanova A. A. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 42-53.
Yearly and seasonal features of strong winds predominant over the sea and coast are investigated. Distribution maps of the resulting winter and summer monsoon winds are provided, and total recurrence of predominant winds is calculated. Peculiar seasonal distribution of wind velocity modulus in respect to the selected modal value is analyzed. Divergence and wind velocity vortex, as well as local convergence and divergence of air currents and different-sign vorticity zones are calculated. Tables -1, figures - 5, references - 14.
UDC 551.465.63(265.54)+551.583
Japan Sea response to El Nino
/ Savel'yev A. V. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 54-70.
Teleconnection between atmospheric processes of the tropical Pacific and thermal characteristics of the Japan Sea surface waters is investigated. The effect of one phase of the Southern Fluctuation, El Nino, on air and water temperature fluctuations is determined over the data collected by 12 on-land South Korean and Russian meteo-stations. Negative anomalies of the enumerated parameters are revealed in 75% of El Nino occurrences. El Nino signal in the Japan Sea is found being 5-6 months delayed. The mechanism explaining the Japan Sea response to El Nino phenomenon is proposed.
Tables - 4, figures - 11, references - 33.
UDC 551.465.42(265.54)
Seasonal temperature and salinity variations in the active level of the Sea of Japan
/ Luchin V. A., Manko A. N. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 71-83.
The paper is based on deep-sea oceanographic data obtained for the Sea of Japan in 1900-1999 (about 140000 stations). Parameters of the active level (lower boundary, seasonal temperature and salinity variations) and seasonal variations of the upper quasi-homogeneous layer (lower boundary, temperature, salinity, and their standard variations) are discussed. Seasonal variations of both temperature at depths below 500 m and salinity below 200-250 m are concluded statistically insignificant. Oceanographic data testify the upper quasi-homogeneous layer to be limited by 1000-1100 m horizons in winter-autumn season.
Figures - 6, references - 29.
UDC 551.465.4(265.53)
Seasonal variations of water circulation in the Okhotsk Sea area of Sakhalin shelf
/ Pischalnik V. M., Arkhipkin V. S. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 84-95.
Currents of the eastern Sakhalin shelf are calculated by means of numerical linear quasi-geostrophic diagnostic model. Position and direction of the Soya and East Sakhalin Currents are found to nearly coincide with the available data, and qualitative coincidence is obtained for the vortex formations in Terpeniye Bay. A number of new water circulation components is revealed. Calculated current velocities appeared to be 2-3 times lower than the ones described in scientific literature.
Figures - 4, references - 10.
UDC 551.465.5:551.465.72
Processing of the instrumental current data collected in the Piltun-Astokh and Arkutun-Dagi oil fields, North East Sakhalin shelf: some results
/ Kochergin I. E., Rybalko S. I., Putov V. F., Shevchenko G. V. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 96-113.
The paper presents processed characteristics of the instrumental current and wind data collected in 1989 and 1996-1998 in the Piltun-Astokh and Arkutun-Dagi oil fields. Spectral characteristics of currents in the area under study are discussed. On the basis of the constructed tidal ellipses tidal currents are analyzed and the shift of along-shoreline tidal current's phases is estimated. Quantitative description of wind and current fields correlation is provided, the effect of winds on non-periodic currents in summer is analyzed. Dispersion of high-frequency turbulent pulsations of current velocities is estimated.
Tables - 3, figures - 10, references - 12.
UDC 551.467(265.53)
Velocity characteristics of wind- and tide-dependent ice drift in the coastal area of North East Sakhalin
/ Tambovsky V. S., Shevchenko G. V. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 114-137.
Ice drift data collected for Sakhalin shelf by three on-land radar stations (the capes of Levenstern, Odoptu, and Komrvo) are analyzed using the methods of statistic and spectral analyses. Harmonic constants of tidal drift were determined using the method of smallest squares. Tidal drift ellipses for diurnal waves K1 and O1 are compared with the tidal current ellipses measured in the vicinity of radar stations, and phasal velocity of these waves is determined. Maximal ice drift velocities in the years with extreme tides making about 130-140 cm/s are estimated. Medium and maximal velocities of non-periodic ice drift component for different bearings are calculated. For southern and south-eastern directions maximal velocities come to 120-130 cm/s. "Wind coefficients" describing the reaction of ice fields to wind activity are found by using the method of regressive analysis. "Effective" and "ineffective" wind vectors are determined. Application of the obtained results is recommended for save functioning of oil/gas production and transport complex operated on the North East Sakhalin shelf.
Tables - 3, figures - 12, references - 13.
UDC 551.467(265.54)
Zoning of the Tatar Strait over its ice cover formation features characteristic of the years with vigorous ice conditions
/ Petrov A. G. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 138-144.
Original scheme of the Tatar Strait zoning over its ice formation features is proposed. Ice cover parameters observed in vigorous ice conditions, ice drift, and water advection data are used as initial information. The proposed scheme describes ice productivity of the Tatar Bay as functions of ice formation, melting and redistribution features.
Tables - 1, figures - 4, references - 3.
UDC 551.628.5
Some results of ecological monitoring at the Piltun-Astokh area in 1998
/ Tkalin A. V., Royle D. J., Sergusheva O. O. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 145-160.
In June and October 1998, two ecological surveys were implemented to characterize marine environment conditions before and after Molikpaq installation as well as before and after AW16 drilling. Observations were carried out aboard the research vessel in June and October and on drilling rig from August till October. Monitoring parameters included, among others, seawater temperature and salinity, pH, content of dissolved oxygen, nutrients, suspended solids, petroleum hydrocarbons and dissolved trace metals. In bottom sediments, concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals were measured. Sediment grain size was also determined. Statistically significant changes of grain size and concentrations of metals and hydrocarbons were registered only at the AW16 drilling site and Molikpaq site. Outside the 125-m radius zone, no significant differences were observed between June and October data. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nutrients demonstrated usual seasonal variability. Other measured parameters also did not differ significantly from baseline values observed previously. Ecological monitoring at the Piltun-Astokh area will be continued in 1999 and beyond.
Tables - 9, figures - 3, references - 6.
UDC 551.465.4 (571.642)
Species composition and quantitative characteristics of zoo- and ichtioplankton collected in summer and autumn in the coastal areas of North East Sakhalin
/ Oleynik E. V. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 161-166.
Quantitative characteristics, number and biomass, of summer and autumn zoo- and ichtioplankton, as well as species composition at all stations and correlation of grater groups of zooplankton are considered. Attempt to explain very low quantity of ictioplankton in June and its absence in October is made.
Table - 4, figures - 4, references - 6.
UDC 574.5 (265.54)
The state of bottom macrofauna of Nakhodka Bay in 1995
/ Belan T. A. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 167-175.
Pollution level of bottom sediments and contemporary state of bottom communities registered in some areas of Nakhodka Bay in 1994-1995 are investigated. Nakhodka Inlet is found the most polluted with some pollutants content exceeding the threshold concentrations and producing adverse effects on marine benthic organisms. Minimal number of species and taxonomic groups, as well as the highest density of animals are registered in the same inlet. Due to intensive agglomeration of the indicator-species, Tharyx pacifica, total benthos biomass in Nakhodka Inlet makes up 92.8 g/m2. Along with domination of bivalves responsible for the highest average biomass in the central Nakhodka Bay (119 g/m2) "dead zones" were detected there as well. As a whole 12 ecologically stressed sites with much dead benthic animals have been detected in Nakhodka Bay.
Tables - 3, figures - 3, references -19.
UDC 504.05:622.276(571.64)
Methodological approach to environmental impact assessment for objects of Sakhalin shelf oil-gas complex
/ Kochergin I. E., Sergusheva O. O. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 176-192.
The discussed approach is based on the experience of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) carried out on Sakhalin shelf for oil and gas producing facilities. Basic requirements to EIA procedure and its components are described. On the example of appraisal well drilling typical environmental impact sources and scales of expected impacts are characterized. Description of the methods and techniques of environmental impact regulation and assessment are shown. Possibility of impact matrix application for generalization of EIA results illustrated by the matrixes constructed for typical project and accidental situation is considered. The requirements to environmental protective activity, monitoring, subordinate research, alternative options, and ecologic-economic assessment of projects to be observed in course of EIA procedure are discussed.
Tables - 2, figures - 3, references - 34.
UDC 551.435.36(571.642)
Modern tendencies in the development of the North East Sakhalin coasts
/ Brovko P. F., Mikishin Yu. A. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 193-203.
Modern tendencies in the development of the lagoon coasts of Sakhalin between 51 and 53 N in the vicinity of industrial oil production site are considered on the basis of morphodynamic processes analysis. 40% of the coastline are shown washed out, 40% to be stable and 20% to be built-up. Intensified washing out of the coastline taking place since the middle of the twentieth century is related to the sea level increase.
Tables - 1, figures - 3, references - 23.
UDC 622.24:504.42.054
Physical-chemical characteristics of drilling mud used for Sakhalin shelf drilling
/ Gavrilova T. A. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 204-217.
Composition, physical-chemical characteristics, and toxicity of principle components of the drilling mud used in Sakhalin shelf are described. Assessment approach to heavy metals sampled from the worked out drilling mud, and technological monitoring scheme are proposed. The obtained results may help in the marine environmental impact assessments.
Tables - 4, references - 14.
UDC 504.42.054(265.53)
Modelling-based characteristics of potential oil spill scenarios on Sakhalin shelf
/ Kochergin I. E., Bogdanovsky A. A., Mishukov V. F., Putov V. F., Reitsema L. A. // FERHRI Special Issue N 2, Vladivostok, Dalnauka, 1999. P. 218-229.
Several-year results of oil spill modelling for Sakhalin shelf are generalized. Different approaches to potential oil spill modelling for three oil- and gas-bearing areas and spill-dangerous route of oil transport are compared. The initial information with technical characteristics of sources and hydrometeorological parameters for various modelling options is described. The applied methods' and models' capabilities are analyzed. Probability diagrams of oil spill transport are constructed for five modeled local areas. Characteristic probabilities of oil spill reaching a shoreline for typical spill variants are determined.
Tables - 3, figures - 5, references - 14.
Published under the decision of the Scientific Council of FERHRI.
| Editorial Board: | Editor-in-Chief |
| I. E. Kochergin, Dr. (Physics and Mathematics). | |
| Editors | |
| A. V. Savelyev, Dr. (Geography), T. A. Gavrilova. |
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| Revised by: | Professor V. I. Belokon, Dr. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics). |