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Regular oceanographic observations along Sakhalin Island shelf began in 1930s by Russian Hydrometeorological Service, Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Fisheries and Hydrographic Service of Russian Navy. In the data base of the Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute (FERHRI) there are data of about 30,000 oceanographic stations implemented at Sakhalin Island shelf. Data of observations at 35 coastal hydrometeorological stations and sea ice observations for 1937-1998 are also available. After analysis of these data, climatological oceanographic and meteorological characteristics were calculated for the study area which are necessary for design stage and construction works along the shelf as well as for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). In 1990s, FERHRI specialists began comprehensive oceanographic, hydrobiological and geochemical studies along northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island in relation to possible commercial oil and gas extraction in the region. In 1990-1994, expeditions were carried out at Piltun-Astokh, Chaivo, Arcutun-Dagi, and Kirin blocks. During the expeditions, standard meteorological and oceanographic observations were implemented, pollutant contents in sea water and bottom sediments were investigated, characteristics of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos were studied. In 1998, full-scale ecological monitoring at Piltun-Astokh field was started according to the contract with Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, Ltd (SEIC). Two expeditions were implemented: before and after appraisal drilling and Molikpaq platform installation. After 1998, ecological monitoring is continued during the commercial oil extraction. Scope of work includes analysis of trace metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in sea water and bottom sediments, measurements of suspended solids, dissolved oxygen and nutrients, observations of phyto-, ichtio-, zooplankton and benthos. Visual observations of birds and mammals are also carried out. Results of these investigations allow to estimate the effects of drilling and oil extraction on marine ecosystems. In recent years, FERHRI specialists and research vessels worked along Sakhalin Island shelf with the following companies: AGRA, ARCO, ECS, Exxon, Mobil, Sakhalinmorneftegaz, SEIC and others. There is no doubt that such investigations will be continued in the nearest future. The main research directions of FERHRI are traditionally meteorology, oceanography and environmental monitoring. Numerical models are widely used for prediction of suspended sediments behaviour, oil slick transport, etc. FERHRI has licenses for the main kinds of observations, research vessels are certified according to international conventions, and specialists have some experience working with researchers from Canada, China, DPRK, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, United States and Vietnam. |
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